Prosopis cineraria
Ghaf Tree
The Prosopis cineraria, or Ghaf Tree, is a drought-tolerant, evergreen tree native to arid regions of the Middle East and South Asia. Known for its resilience, the Ghaf thrives in extreme desert conditions, growing up to 10–15 meters tall. Its dense canopy of feathery, gray-green leaves provides valuable shade, while its small, fragrant yellow flowers bloom in clusters during the hotter months, followed by seed pods used as fodder.
This culturally significant tree is valued for its ability to stabilize sandy soils, provide forage, and support biodiversity. It is the national tree of the UAE, symbolizing sustainability and resilience.
Specifications
- Height10–15 meters
- Width8–12 meters
- Native toMiddle East and South Asia
- FoliageSmall, feathery, gray-green leaves; evergreen
- Growth rateSlow to moderate
Conditions
- SoilThrives in well-drained, sandy or loamy soils; tolerates saline and nutrient-poor soils
- LightFull sun
- WaterExtremely low; highly drought-tolerant once established
- ClimateThrives in arid and semi-arid regions
Additional Features
- Flowers and PodsSmall, fragrant yellow flowers; flattened seed pods used as livestock fodder
- UsesIdeal for shade, windbreaks, erosion control, reforestation, and agroforestry
- SpacingPlant 8–10 meters apart for individual growth or windbreaks
- Low MaintenanceRequires little care; prune to maintain shape and manage canopy
- Pest ResistanceGenerally resilient; monitor for pests like psyllids and borers in stressed trees
- Wildlife AttractionProvides food and shelter for birds, mammals, and pollinators
- Cultural and Economic ValueUsed in traditional medicine, fuelwood, and as a fodder source
The Ghaf Tree is a symbol of resilience and sustainability, offering ecological benefits and cultural significance in arid landscapes while supporting biodiversity and community needs